思即美德

Thinking as a Virtue

我在7月15日的“Lenovo - IBM 收购案提升整个 PC 产业?”文章中描述了一种可能性,Lenovo 的加入促使各大 PC 厂商重拾回到高端的信心,现在,在 Dell 的推动下,这种可能性又向现实迈出了一步。

与惠普相比,Dell 向高端市场的步伐似乎迈得更大,直接推出了一个高端产品线品牌 -- XPS,在这条产品线上,似乎一切过去对 Dell 的诘难都不再成立,高端的配置,不乏亮点的产品设计,独享的服务热线,新培训的服务人员,更完善的质保服务……虽然 Dell 暂时仍然无法在技术上与其他高端品牌角逐,但是它短期的市场威胁和长期的技术威胁都是非常值得重视的。

Dell 称它的高端型号为“luxury models”,并且以丰田的 Lexus 品牌做比喻,首先推出的是为游戏迷设计的发烧级 PC,拥有看上去很 cool 的外观和发着蓝光的键盘,这意味着,虽然向高端迈进,戴尔还是小心避开了 ThinkPad 所占领的商务定位。

但是,PC 厂商们仍不能暂时安心。

对于大多数国产 PC 厂商来说(例如善于“镶钻石”的 TCL 和定位娱乐 PC 的明基、海尔),Dell 的“luxury”一下横扫了它们的全部定位市场。这是必然的,这些厂商寻求无论是“豪华”、“时尚”还是“娱乐”的定位,总结起来,就是消费者需要的高端产品,而选择这样定位的原因都是相同的:第一,它们无法在技术实力上与国外厂商硬拼,根本无法进入商务高端市场;第二,它们无法在效率上与 Dell 硬拼。而今天,Dell 自然要向自己未涉足的另一个领域迈进,并且要避开技术竞争,自然把消费者的中高端市场作为选择。

对日韩厂商来说,它们和中国厂商同样受到来自 Dell 的直接威胁,它们只是先一步把自己的优势定义在影音享受和娱乐特性上罢了。

对 HP 来说,它很有可能彻底沦为一个追随者。是 Dell 把 HP 拉到低成本制造的战略上来,HP 花了几年的时间追随 Dell,终于把自己改造成一个在生产效率和灵活度上可以与 Dell 竞争的制造商,同时也忍痛割爱放弃了许多以往在高端市场积累的优势,今天 Dell 突然掉头杀回 HP 过去的市场,如果 HP 回头,则又要开始一轮新的(可能是无休止的)追随。

对 Lenovo 来说,虽然 Dell 并不敢对 ThinkPad 的定位市场轻举妄动,Lenovo 仍然无法暂时安心。最简单地来说,Dell 的新产品线正好冲击的是 Lenovo 品牌刚刚制定的市场定位,虽然 Think 品牌的市场不会造成直接的冲击,但是直接给 Lenovo 产品进入美国的计划造成了巨大阻碍。

更深一层来讲,Dell 向消费者高端市场进军对 Think 品牌同样有着巨大的影响。

Dell 加速把 PC 产品技术上的附加值挤压到了谷底,之后,便可以重新定义 PC 产品的附加价值到所谓“豪华”和“时尚”上,而这一切,与 Nokia 曾经对手机行业所作的一切完全相同(记得著名的 5110?)。当然,Lenovo 的到来加速了 Dell 的步伐,迫使 Dell 更快地由“压缩”转向“重定义”。而一个重新定义之后的市场将会是什么样?回想一下手机吧,消费者开始把外观作为第一考虑,而不是那些搞不清楚的技术和一百年也用不着的功能,商务定位仍然存在,但是已经被挤压到一个很小的份额 -- 甚至显得有些另类。男人和女人,简约主义和酷一族分别有了可以代表自己的产品。是不是很耳熟?没错,联想在天麒天麟的时代作过这件事,只是在错误的时间、错误的地点做了一件不合适的事。

在应对这样一个市场对 Think 品牌的影响方面, Lenovo 能做的,是进一步抓紧 Think 的商务定位,让它稳稳扎根在华尔街和各大公司高管的办公桌上。就像人们至今不愿每天开着一辆丰田,或者哪怕是 Lexus 进出华尔街。此时,Lenovo 千万不能因为 Lenovo 品牌进入困难,就先使用 Think 来打开一部分市场,这只能导致把 PC 市场推向一个没有绝对“商务品牌”的境地,如手机市场一样,一旦 PC 市场不再有“商务品牌”的概念,Think 品牌就失去了一切。另一方面,我们今天看到非常令人担心的情况是,Lenovo 沾沾自喜于新得来的技术,在宣传上过多地夸大技术本身,而淡化了品牌定位,过去的 ThinkPad 广告,至少会出现一位穿西装的“商务人士”,更直接以精英和专业人士(例如教授)为广告的主旨,而今天我们看到的平面广告,是一个巨大的指纹,所宣传的也只是 ThinkPad 的安全技术。

说回 Dell,其实在新的目标领域,Dell 的真正竞争威胁,来自 Apple。

http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/28/business/dell.php

With its luxury PC line, Dell sets sights up-market
By Damon Darlin The New York Times

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 29, 2005


NEW YORK Dell, which has beaten its competition by slicing profit margins and turning low-priced computers into a commodity, is now turning to the high end.

The company was due to announce on Wednesday that it would begin selling a line of desktop and laptop computers it is calling luxury models.

While high-priced laptops are nothing new, trying to sell them as a luxury product is. Dell's new XPS brand will be sold at higher prices, and fatter margins, than its Dimension PCs and Inspiron laptops, starting at $2,700 for the laptop and $1,100 for entry-priced units of three desktop models.

Dell will sell the customized computers directly to customers over the phone or on the Internet as it does with existing lines, but it has assigned a sales force and customer service team to handle XPS customers.

The announcement of the new line was to be made by Michael Dell, the company's founder and chairman, at a location that underscores the premise - the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in New York.

As the personal computer market matures, manufacturers are seeking ways to reach specialized pockets of customers willing to pay a premium. Makers of watches or purses have long profited from dressing up their products and company image and selling their wares as luxury goods.

The strategy has been extended to utilitarian electronic products as well; the Vertu cellphone, for example, is sold through its own boutiques in Europe.

At the high end of the computer market, Lenovo, the Chinese computer maker that bought International Business Machines' ThinkPad line, is introducing a "special edition" laptop, the Z series, with a brushed titanium case. Apple's laptops have always commanded a premium relative to comparable PCs. Alienware and VoodooPC have been aiming at gamers willing to pay top prices for a computer that plays PC games faster than rivals' machines.

These desktops and laptops have not only the latest components but also cases with glowing lights and colorful finishes that resemble those of custom-built cars. With those extras, these machines command prices of $3,000 or more while a low-end laptop can go for $500.

"It's an attractive place to be," said Brian Joyce, marketing director for Alienware. "But it takes a lot of effort to go after a small market." Alienware, considered the leader in the premium niche, has sales of $170 million, in contrast to Dell's $49 billion.

Dell is making a distinction between the premium market and the luxury market, it says, much in the way that Toyota Motor did when it created the Lexus line. Dell first tested the market early last year with machines for gamers called the Inspiron XPS. That was successful enough, the company said, that it now wants to market the brand to image-conscious customers with money to spare, the kind who would buy a Tag Heuer watch or a Dyson vacuum cleaner.

"This will be our Lexus," said Will Townsend, a Dell senior manager who gave reporters an early look at the machines.